85 research outputs found
Juggling with light
We discovered that when a pair of small particles is optically levitated, the
particles execute a dance whose motion resembles the orbits of balls being
juggled. This motion lies in a plane perpendicular to the polarization of the
incident light. We ascribe the dance to a mechanism by which the dominant force
on each particle cyclically alternates between radiation pressure and gravity
as each particle takes turns eclipsing the other. We explain the plane of
motion by considering the anisotropic scattering of polarized light at a curved
interface.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, 7 supplementary video
The electron affinity of tellurium
The electron affinity of tellurium has been determined to 1.970 876(7) eV.
The threshold for photodetachment of Te^-(^{2} P_{3/2}) forming neutral Te in
the ground state was investigated by measuring the total photodetachment cross
section using a collinear laser-ion beam geometry. The electron affinity was
obtained from a fit to the Wigner law in the threshold region.Comment: 4 pages,4 figures,18 reference
Measurement of particle motion in optical tweezers embedded in a Sagnac interferometer
We have constructed a counterpropagating optical tweezers setup embedded in a
Sagnac interferometer in order to increase the sensitivity of position tracking
for particles in the geometrical optics regime. Enhanced position determination
using a Sagnac interferometer has previously been described theoretically by
Taylor et al. [Journal of Optics 13, 044014 (2011)] for Rayleigh-regime
particles trapped in an antinode of a standing wave. We have extended their
theory to a case of arbitrarily-sized particles trapped with
orthogonally-polarized counterpropagating beams. The working distance of the
setup was sufficiently long to optically induce particle oscillations
orthogonally to the axis of the tweezers with an auxiliary laser beam. Using
these oscillations as a reference, we have experimentally shown that
Sagnac-enhanced back focal plane interferometry is capable of providing an
improvement of more than 5 times in the signal-to-background ratio,
corresponding to a more than 30-fold improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio.
The experimental results obtained are consistent with our theoretical
predictions. In the experimental setup, we used a method of optical
levitator-assisted liquid droplet delivery in air based on commercial inkjet
technology, with a novel method to precisely control the size of droplets.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figure
Fano Combs in the Directional Mie Scattering of a Water Droplet
When light scatters off a sphere, it produces a rich Mie spectrum full of overlapping resonances. Single resonances can be explained with a quantum analogy and result in Fano profiles. However, the full spectrum is so complex that recognizable patterns have not been found, and is only understood by comparing to numerical simulations. Here we show the directional Mie spectrum of evaporating water droplets arranged in consecutive Fano Combs. We then fully explain it by expanding the quantum analogy. This turns the droplet into an "optical atom"with angular momentum, tunneling, and excited states
A Seamless Convergence of the Digital and Physical Factory Aiming in Personalized Product Emergence Process (PPEP) for Smart Products within ESB Logistics Learning Factory at Reutlingen University
AbstractA seamless convergence of the digital and physical factory aiming in personalized Product Emergence Process (PPEP) for smart products within ESB Logistics Learning Factory at Reutlingen University.A completely new business model with reference to Industrie4.0 and facilitated by 3D Experience Software in today's networked society in which customers expect immediate responses, delightful experience and simple solutions is one of the mission scenarios in the ESB Logistics Learning Factory at ESB Business School (Reutlingen University).The business experience platform provides software solutions for every organization in the company respectively in the factory. An interface with dashboards, project management apps, 3D - design and construction apps with high end visualization, manufacturing and simulation apps as well as intelligence and social network apps in a collaborative interactive environment help the user to learn the creation of a value end to end process for a personalized virtual and later real produced product.Instead of traditional ways of working and a conventional operating factory real workers and robots work semi-intuitive together. Centerpiece in the self-planned interim factory is the smart personalized product, uniquely identifiable and locatable at all times during the production process – a scooter with an individual colored mobile phone – holder for any smart phone produced with a 3D printer in lot size one. Smart products have in the future solutions incorporated internet based services – designed and manufactured - at the costs of mass products. Additionally the scooter is equipped with a retrievable declarative product memory. Monitoring and control is handled by sensor tags and a raspberry positioned on the product. The engineering design and implementation of a changeable production system is guided by a self-execution system that independently find amongst others esplanade workplaces.The imparted competences to students and professionals are project management method SCRUM, customization of workflows by Industrie4.0 principles, the enhancements of products with new personalized intelligent parts, electrical and electronic self-programmed components and the control of access of the product memory information, to plan in a digital engineering environment and set up of the physical factory to produce customer orders. The gained action-orientated experience refers to the chances and requirements for holistic digital and physical systems
Photoelectron angular distributions in photodetachment from P-
The angular distributions of electrons ejected in laser photodetachment of the P- ion have been studied in the photon energy range of 0.95-3.28 eV using a photoelectron spectrometer designed to accommodate a source consisting of collinearly overlapping photon and negative ion beams. We observe the value of the asymmetry parameter β starting at zero near the threshold, falling to almost -1 about 0.5 eV above the threshold and eventually rising to a positive value. The experimental data has been fitted to a simplified model of the Cooper-Zare formula which yields a qualitative understanding of the quantum interference between the outgoing s and d waves representing the free electron. The present results are also compared with previous results for other elements involving p-electron photodetachment
Integrated micro-optics for microfluidic systems
Generation of multiple traps within a microfluidic channel is a subject with practical applications e.g. in life sciences. In the approach presented here a diffractive optical element, integrated in the channel walls, is used to generate the necessary spot pattern
Unforeseen advantage of looser focusing in vacuum laser acceleration
Acceleration of electrons in vacuum directly by intense laser fields, often
termed vacuum laser acceleration (VLA), holds great promise for the creation of
compact sources of high-charge, ultrashort, relativistic electron bunches.
However, while the energy gain is expected to be higher with tighter focusing
(i.e. stronger electric field), this does not account for the reduced
acceleration range, which is limited by diffraction. Here, we present the
results of an experimental investigation of VLA, using tungsten nanotips driven
by relativistic-intensity few-cycle laser pulses. We demonstrate the
acceleration of relativistic electron beams with typical charge of 100s pC to
15 MeV energies. Two different focusing geometries (tight and loose, with
f-numbers one and three respectively) produced comparable results, despite a
factor of ten difference in the peak intensities, which is evidence for the
importance of post-injection acceleration mechanisms around the focus. Our
results are in good agreement with the results of full-scale, three-dimensional
particle-in-cell simulations
Photodetachment study of the 1s3s4s ^4S resonance in He^-
A Feshbach resonance associated with the 1s3s4s ^{4}S state of He^{-} has
been observed in the He(1s2s ^{3}S) + e^- (\epsilon s) partial photodetachment
cross section. The residual He(1s2s ^{3}S) atoms were resonantly ionized and
the resulting He^+ ions were detected in the presence of a small background. A
collinear laser-ion beam apparatus was used to attain both high resolution and
sensitivity. We measured a resonance energy E_r = 2.959 255(7) eV and a width
\Gamma = 0.19(3) meV, in agreement with a recent calculation.Comment: LaTeX article, 4 pages, 3 figures, 21 reference
Electron affinity of Li: A state-selective measurement
We have investigated the threshold of photodetachment of Li^- leading to the
formation of the residual Li atom in the state. The excited residual
atom was selectively photoionized via an intermediate Rydberg state and the
resulting Li^+ ion was detected. A collinear laser-ion beam geometry enabled
both high resolution and sensitivity to be attained. We have demonstrated the
potential of this state selective photodetachment spectroscopic method by
improving the accuracy of Li electron affinity measurements an order of
magnitude. From a fit to the Wigner law in the threshold region, we obtained a
Li electron affinity of 0.618 049(20) eV.Comment: 5 pages,6 figures,22 reference
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